
A 2022 publication suggested that honokiol is effective in ameliorating cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in a rodent and cell culture models of Alzheimer’s Disease. [1] Activation of sirtuin 3, Sirt3, was the proposed mechanism.
propionic acid is thought to play a role in autism. This post explores a publication that suggests that maleic acid, a metabolite of propionic acid, is the real mitochondria poison.

It would seem that dentritic spines have their own supply of mitochondria to produce ATP for all of the work they do. [1] More stimulation of dentritic spines leads to more mitochondria. The Li publication has some excellent images that will not be reproduced in this post. The featured image is a compilation of…
This post is background information on a post describing the role of the role of PSEN1 in assembly of CIC7 in the lysosome and the mitophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria in Alzheimer’s Disease. This concept has relevance to all neurodegernative diseases in which mitochondria become damaged and need to be removed. The Martín-Maestro study is…
Presenillin, often referred to by its gene name PSEN1, is a subunit in the gamma secretase complex, which cleaves integral membrane proteins. This image was obtained from the UniProt link. The UniProt and Go annotations categorize PSEN1 as a mult-pass membrane protein found in all stages of endosomes,axon projections, and the synapse. The structure…